Eugene Yan · Tech & AI
TIER 4 2025-01-12
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<h1 class="title">Building AI Reading Club: Features & Behind the Scenes</h1>
<p class="date">
<info datetime="2025-01-12 00:00:00 +0000">
<span class="no-italics">[
<a class='tag' href="/tag/llm/">llm</a>
<a class='tag' href="/tag/learning/">learning</a>
<a class='tag' href="/tag/🛠/">🛠</a>
<a class='tag' href="/tag/🩷/">🩷</a>
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</span> · 10 min read
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<p>How can AI make reading more enjoyable? What would an AI-powered reading experience look like? Inspired by a <a href="https://x.com/karpathy/status/1866902647804203363" target="_blank">discussion</a> between Andrej Karpathy and Patrick Collison, I built a simple prototype to explore some ideas. (Try it at <a href="https://aireadingclub.com" target="_blank">AiReadingClub.com</a>!) In this write-up, I’ll walk through key features, design considerations, and how it was built.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Exactly, roughly what I tried and mostly failed. I want to highlight some text in the pdf, pull out the highlight, the preceding text of the chapter, maybe the generated summaries of the other chapters, put it all together, attach nearby images if any… there’s a whole design…</p>— Andrej Karpathy (@karpathy) <a href="https://twitter.com/karpathy/status/1866902647804203363?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 11, 2024</a></blockquote>
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<h2 id="meet-dewey-and-its-features">Meet Dewey and its features</h2>
<p>At the heart of AI Reading Club is Dewey, our AI reading companion. Dewey is designed to help readers get more out of reading with a few simple features.</p>
<p><strong>Understanding your context.</strong> Dewey understands our current context via the text we select or the page we’re on. This <em>explicit</em> context is displayed during discussions to make clear what Dewey is focused on. Behind the scenes, Dewey can also retrieve and consider the rest of the book as <em>implicit</em> context to enrich its understanding and improve its responses, such as when using the “Recap” or “Look up in book” feature (see below).</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/context.webp" loading="lazy" title="Dewey understands your context" alt="Dewey understands your context" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Dewey understands your context (example from <a href="https://aireadingclub.com/read/2680" target="_blank">Meditations</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Answering simple queries.</strong> With the provided context, Dewey can help clarify the material, explain complex sections, or discuss various perspectives. This helps us better understand the book. The goal is to keep us in flow while reading, instead of having to reread other sections of the book or open a web browser for our queries.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/simple-queries.webp" loading="lazy" title="Dewey answers simple queries" alt="Dewey answers simple queries" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Dewey answers simple queries (example from <a href="https://aireadingclub.com/read/1707" target="_blank">A History of Science</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Creating quizzes/flashcards.</strong> Dewey can also test our knowledge of the selected text. This helps reinforce our learning and improve knowledge retention.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/quiz.webp" loading="lazy" title="Dewey creates quizzes" alt="Dewey creates quizzes" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Dewey creates quizzes (example from <a href="https://aireadingclub.com/read/4363" target="_blank">Beyond Good and Evil</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Recapping the book so far.</strong> It can be challenging to resume a book we’ve stopped reading for a while. To help with this, Dewey can summarize the book up to the current page, refreshing our memory and highlighting major themes, characters, and concepts.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/recap.webp" loading="lazy" title="Dewey recaps the book" alt="Dewey recaps the book" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Dewey recaps the book (example from <a href="https://aireadingclub.com/read/11" target="_blank">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Look up in book.</strong> If we need help with a term or character that was previously mentioned, Dewey can help with a summary so we don’t have to look it up ourselves.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/lookup.webp" loading="lazy" title="Dewey looks up a term in the book" alt="Dewey looks up a term in the book" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Dewey looks up and summarizes a term (example from <a href="https://aireadingclub.com/read/1661" target="_blank">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Revisiting past discussions.</strong> Past discussions are indicated by a small icon next to each paragraph. We can click on it to review that discussion. Alternatively, we can browse all discussions in Dewey’s side pane to refresh our memory without repeating interactions.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/discussions.webp" loading="lazy" title="Dewey's conversation pane" alt="Dewey's conversation pane" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Revisiting past discussions is easy (example from <a href="https://aireadingclub.com/read/11" target="_blank">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a>)</p>
<h2 id="ux-design-considerations">UX design considerations</h2>
<p>While building AI Reading Club and Dewey, the goal was to create a clean, intuitive UI that enhances the reading experience without distractions. The AI-powered features should be seamless to access while keeping the focus on the text. Here are some things I considered.</p>
<p><strong>Reading pane.</strong> The reading pane prioritizes simplicity, presenting the text cleanly with minimal markup. Thus, instead of using conventional highlights to indicate past conversations, I attached less obtrusive “stickies” to the relevant paragraphs. This keeps the text clean while making it easy to access Dewey.</p>
<p><strong>Dewey.</strong> The AI-powered features are designed to be available when needed and out of the way when not. Dewey is only called up when we select text or click the Dewey button. I opted for a chat-like interface that displays the context explicitly provided and distinguishes reader input from AI responses.</p>
<p><strong>User input.</strong> The goal is to simplify interactions and minimize keystrokes. For common queries, we can click on predefined options to save effort and streamline the process. For more nuanced queries, we can always type our own. This flexibility ensures we get the most out of Dewey regardless of our needs.</p>
<p><strong>Past discussions.</strong> I tried to make it easy to revisit past discussions through stickies next to paragraphs and the bottom of Dewey’s conversation pane. Both methods avoid obscuring the text, ensuring the reading experience remains central.</p>
<h2 id="building-ai-reading-club-step-by-step">Building AI Reading Club, Step-by-Step</h2>
<p>Here’s a high-level overview of how I built AI Reading Club, from defining requirements to designing wireframes and database schema to building out the UI and backend.</p>
<p><strong>Defining requirements.</strong> To begin, I worked with Claude to write product requirements based on this <a href="https://x.com/karpathy/status/1866902647804203363" target="_blank">thread</a> using the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoSCoW_method" target="_blank">Moscow method</a>. This provided direction on what the app would look like. The current app implements the requirements in the must-haves section.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Claude, you are a world-class product manager who brings to life cutting-edge experiences to millions of users worldwide.</p>
<p>Recently, there has been a lot of interest in an AI reading companion, whereby users can read books in their apps and talk to AIs about it. Here are some example tweets about it.</p>
<p><tweets><br />
text from <a href="https://x.com/karpathy/status/1866902647804203363">tweet thread</a><br />
</tweets></p>
<p>We want to create a minimum lovable web app for this reading experience. For the V1, we will seed the library with books from the Gutenberg project. Focus on the user experience and UI of the web app.</p>
<p>Please list the core features of this web app. Use the Moscow framework. What are the must haves, what are the should haves, what are the could haves and what are the won’t haves.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Designing the UI.</strong> With the requirements in hand, I worked with Claude to create SVG wireframes for desktop and mobile. Here’s the prompt to create the initial wireframe.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Thanks Claude! Next, please create a wireframe of how the app should look.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The initial wireframe Claude suggested was more complex than I’d like. It also had each book taking up more space than required.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/library-screen.svg" loading="lazy" title="Library screen" alt="Library screen" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Initial library wireframe by Claude</p>
<p>Nonetheless, with a little prompting, Claude was able to simplify it to suit my needs.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Can you simplify it for the library screen layout please? We just need a list of books, with the title being the main component of the list and the author and genres being the sub components. Clicking on the title should navigate to the reading screen for the book.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/refined-library-screen.svg" loading="lazy" title="Updated library wireframe by Claude" alt="Updated library wireframe by Claude" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Updated library wireframe by Claude</p>
<p>Over several iterations, we shaped the UI for the library, reading pane, and AI assistant pane. Along the way, we learned that we needed two separate views, one for the library and another for the reading view, and updated the product requirements accordingly. An early iteration (below) felt cluttered and distracted from the reading experience.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="/assets/laptop-wireframe.svg" loading="lazy" title="An early iteration which had library (left), reading (center), and AI assistant (right)" alt="An early iteration which had library (left), reading (center), and AI assistant (right)" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">An early iteration which had library (left), reading pane (center), and AI assistant (right)</p>
<p><strong>Designing the database schema.</strong> With the product requirements and user interface clarified, I asked Claude to design the data layer.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Thank you! Next, can you create the database design please?</p>
<ul>
<li>what are the tables that we need?</li>
<li>what are their purposes?</li>
<li>what are their relationships?</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>The initial proposal was fairly complex, with multiple tables for books, genres, reading progress, user preference, AI conversations, and more. On hindsight, this was probably due to my prompt mentioning “tables” and “relationships”. Thus, I prompted Claude to simplify the schema into a single table that contained all the essential metadata.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>That seems really complicated. We just need a single table, books, which has all metadata on title, author, genre, text of the book, etc.</p>
<p>Also, can you suggest how to store the book text in the database please? What types of database should we consider?</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Defining tasks.</strong> With the above done, it was time to create a task breakdown. Here’s how I prompted Claude to generate the list of tasks to implement the must-have features, mapping each task to its associated requirement and feature.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Thank you Claude. Next, we need to create the task list to create the must-haves of this web app. Could you list the tasks that need to be done, as well as the associated requirement and feature please?</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Building the UI.</strong> With the work documents done, the next task was to build a skeleton UI. For this, I turned to <a href="https://v0.dev/" target="_blank">v0.dev</a> and created a new project with the must-have requirements as the project instructions. While I had more documentation (e.g., full requirements, database design, UI, task list), I kept it simple and see how v0 would surprise me with a different design or opinion. Then, I asked v0 to bootstrap a simple skeleton for the app.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>v0, you are a world class frontend designer and developer. We are designing and building an app to help people read more, and more effectively. The app should have two screens:</p>
<ul>
<li>Library Screen: Shows a list of books with basic metadata</li>
<li>Reading Screen: Shows the content of the book with clean, beautiful reading experience. It should also have an AI assistant feature where users can highlight a section to pull up the AI assistant, or click on a button. The AI assistant should be hidden away until called.</li>
</ul>
<p>First, create the Library screen. It should be aesthetically pleasing with a simple list view.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Surprisingly, v0’s initial implementation of the library screen felt clunky and took up a lot of screen real estate per book.</p>
<p><img style="max-width: 80%;" src="/assets/v0-initial-library.webp" loading="lazy" title="Initial library screen" alt="Initial library screen" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Initial library screen by v0</p>
<p>Nonetheless, it was easy to get v0 to simplify the design with the prompt below. Providing the previous SVG wireframe of the Library screen helped. This back-and-forth continued for several iterations, including the creation of seed data to test features like navigation, scrolling, calling up the AI Assistant, and more.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>We don’t need each book’s card to take up so much space. We just want a simple list, like this provided SVG.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Developing the app.</strong> With a working UI, I migrated the code to <a href="https://www.cursor.com/" target="_blank">Cursor</a> for the rest of the (backend) development. Within Cursor, I integrated the UI with the database and relevant API providers. Additional feature requirements and designs (e.g., database design) were also defined and implemented directly in Cursor. For example, the features to “Look up in book” and revisit past messages were not part of the initial requirements.</p>
<p>Here’s what AI Reading Club is built on:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://nextjs.org/" target="_blank">Next.js</a>: React framework that handles both frontend web client and backend server.</li>
<li><a href="https://supabase.com/" target="_blank">Supabase</a>: PostgreSQL database with user-friendly interface; was easy to get started with and had excellent documentation</li>
<li>API providers (<a href="https://console.anthropic.com/" target="_blank">Anthropic</a>, <a href="https://gemini.google.com/" target="_blank">Gemini</a>, <a href="https://platform.openai.com/" target="_blank">OpenAI</a>): Leading AI providers. Gemini Flash is the default option for Dewey due to its long context length and generous free tier.</li>
<li><a href="https://railway.app/" target="_blank">Railway</a>: Easy deployment, scaling, and logging via <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">railway up</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p><br /></p>
<p class="image-caption">• • •</p>
<p>Given more time (read: longer vacation), I would add the following features:</p>
<ul>
<li>Voice input (and optional voice output) for a more hands-free experience</li>
<li>Easier context selection, such as allowing readers to select chapters via natural language or a table of contents</li>
<li>For fiction, interactive elements like family trees for character relationships or timelines for key plot events. Nonetheless, this will require more care to ensure faithfulness with the book, and to prevent hallucinations and spoilers.</li>
</ul>
<p>If you’ve tried AI Reading Club, I’d love your feedback and feature ideas, and thoughts on how AI can help you get more out of reading. Please comment below or <a href="https://x.com/eugeneyan" target="_blank">DM me</a>!</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>Thanks to Xinyi Yang, Era Qian, Will Diamond, Debjit Mohapatra, and Chip Huyen for providing early feedback and suggestions.</p>
<br>
<p>If you found this useful, please cite this write-up as:</p>
<blockquote class="blockquote-citation">
<p>Yan, Ziyou. (Jan 2025). Building AI Reading Club: Features & Behind the Scenes. eugeneyan.com.
https://eugeneyan.com/writing/aireadingclub/.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>or</p>
<div class="citation"><pre><code>@article{yan2025dewey,
title = {Building AI Reading Club: Features & Behind the Scenes},
author = {Yan, Ziyou},
journal = {eugeneyan.com},
year = {2025},
month = {Jan},
url = {https://eugeneyan.com/writing/aireadingclub/}
}</code></pre>
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<div class="bluesky" title="Share this on Bluesky" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; window.open('https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=Great read! Building AI Reading Club: Features & Behind the Scenes https://eugeneyan.com/writing/aireadingclub/', 'pop-up', 'left=20,top=20,width=500,height=500,toolbar=1,resizable=0');" data-cf-modified-f04d322e08df196f4dcdf33c-="">
<img class="icon about-icon-large" src="/assets/bluesky.svg" loading="lazy" alt=""/>
</div>
<div class="facebook fb-share-button" title="Share this on Facebook" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; window.open('https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=249237293114028&display=popup&href=https://eugeneyan.com/writing/aireadingclub/&&redirect_uri=https://eugeneyan.com/writing/aireadingclub/', 'pop-up', 'left=20,top=20,width=500,height=500,toolbar=1,resizable=0');" data-cf-modified-f04d322e08df196f4dcdf33c-="">
<img class="icon about-icon-large" src="/assets/icon-facebook.svg" loading="lazy" alt=""/>
</div>
<div class="mail" title="Share this through Email" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; window.open('mailto:?subject=Great read! Building AI Reading Club: Features & Behind the Scenes&body=https://eugeneyan.com/writing/aireadingclub/');" data-cf-modified-f04d322e08df196f4dcdf33c-="">
<img class="icon about-icon-large" src="/assets/icon-mail.svg" loading="lazy" alt=""/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Page navigation -->
<hr>
<div id="algolia-recs-container" style="display: none;">
<div id="algolia-related-products" style="margin-bottom: 2em;"></div>
<div id="algolia-fbt"></div>
<style>
/* Common styles for both recommendation widgets */
.algolia-recs-section-header {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 1em; /* Adjust as needed, smaller than default h3 */
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 0; /* Remove or reduce top margin */
margin-bottom: 15px; /* Space between header and recommendation cards */
color: var(--c-text); /* Use theme's text color */
font-style: italic;
}
/* Related Products Widget Styles */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-list {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row; /* Arrange items horizontally */
flex-wrap: nowrap; /* Prevent wrapping to new lines, if possible */
justify-content: flex-start; /* Align items to the start of the container */
padding-left: 0; /* Remove default list padding */
list-style-type: none; /* Remove list bullets */
margin: 0;
}
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item {
width: 32%; /* Adjust for 3 items: 32% * 3 items + 2% * 2 margins = 100% */
margin-right: 2%;
box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width */
/* Optional: Basic card styling (uncomment to use) */
border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--c-text) 15%); /* Theme-aware light grey border */
padding: 0; /* Remove overall card padding, will be handled by elements */
text-align: left; /* Or 'center' if you prefer */
background-color: var(--c-background);
border-radius: 4px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item:last-child {
margin-right: 0; /* No margin for the last item in the row */
}
/* Styling for images within recommendation items */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item img {
display: block; /* Can help remove extra space below image */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Full width minus 2px L/R margins */
max-width: 100%; /* Ensures image does not exceed container if intrinsically smaller */
/* height: auto; -- Controlled by inline style's max-height and object-fit */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensure image covers the area, also in inline style */
margin: 2px; /* 2px margin on top, left, right. Bottom is overridden by inline style. */
/* margin-bottom: 8px; -- This is set by inline style in JS template */
}
/* Styling for the wrapper link to make the whole card clickable */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item a.ais-RelatedProducts-item-link-wrapper {
display: block; /* Make the link fill the list item */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
color: inherit; /* Use parent's text color */
}
#algolia-related-products .related-product-title {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2; /* Limit to 2 lines for WebKit browsers */
line-clamp: 2; /* Standard property */
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; /* 0 top, 7px L/R/B for text area */
line-height: 1.5; /* Adjust for better readability */
height: 3.3em; /* Current height: 3.3em. For 2 lines with 0.75em font & 1.5 line-height, calculated height would be 2.25em. */
color: var(--c-interactive); /* Use theme's interactive color */
}
/* This container will wrap the image and score, taking the original image's layout space. */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-image-container {
position: relative; /* For positioning the score absolutely within */
display: block; /* Matches original image display and ensures proper block layout */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Adopts width from original image styling */
margin: 2px; /* Adopts margin from original image styling */
margin-bottom: 8px; /* Adopts specific bottom margin from original image's inline style */
line-height: 0; /* Prevents unexpected space if child elements are treated as inline */
}
/* The image itself, now filling the container */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-image-container img {
display: block;
width: 100%; /* Fill the container's width */
max-width: 20em; /* Optional: retain original max-width constraint for the image content */
height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio by default */
max-height: 12em; /* Constrain image height (adjust as needed) */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensures image covers the allocated space, cropping if necessary */
margin: 0 auto; /* Center image if max-width kicks in and it's narrower than container */
}
/* The score overlay box */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-score {
position: absolute;
bottom: 3px; /* Padding from the bottom edge of the container */
right: 3px; /* Padding from the right edge of the container */
background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--green) 15%); /* Theme-aware light green */
color: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for text */
padding: 3px 6px; /* Slightly adjusted padding */
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 10px; /* More rounded corners like the example */
border: 1px solid var(--green); /* Theme's green color for border */
line-height: 1; /* Critical for small text in a small box */
z-index: 10; /* Ensure it's above the image */
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); /* Softer shadow */
display: flex; /* To align icon and text nicely */
align-items: center; /* Vertically center icon and text */
}
/* Styling for the SVG icon within the score box */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-score-icon {
width: 0.9em; /* Scale with score's font size */
height: 0.9em;
vertical-align: -0.1em; /* Fine-tune vertical alignment */
margin-right: 4px; /* Space between icon and score number */
fill: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for icon */
}
/* Frequently Bought Together Widget Styles */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-list {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row; /* Arrange items horizontally */
flex-wrap: nowrap; /* Prevent wrapping to new lines, if possible */
justify-content: flex-start; /* Align items to the start of the container */
padding-left: 0; /* Remove default list padding */
list-style-type: none; /* Remove list bullets */
margin: 0;
}
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item {
width: 32%; /* Adjust for 3 items: 32% * 3 items + 2% * 2 margins = 100% */
margin-right: 2%;
box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width */
/* Optional: Basic card styling (uncomment to use) */
border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--c-text) 15%); /* Theme-aware light grey border */
padding: 0; /* Remove overall card padding, will be handled by elements */
text-align: left; /* Or 'center' if you prefer */
background-color: var(--c-background);
border-radius: 4px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item:last-child {
margin-right: 0; /* No margin for the last item in the row */
}
/* Styling for images within recommendation items */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item img {
display: block; /* Can help remove extra space below image */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Full width minus 2px L/R margins */
max-width: 100%; /* Ensures image does not exceed container if intrinsically smaller */
/* height: auto; -- Controlled by inline style's max-height and object-fit */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensure image covers the area, also in inline style */
margin: 2px; /* 2px margin on top, left, right. Bottom is overridden by inline style. */
/* margin-bottom: 8px; -- This is set by inline style in JS template */
}
/* Styling for the wrapper link to make the whole card clickable */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item a.ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item-link-wrapper {
display: block; /* Make the link fill the list item */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
color: inherit; /* Use parent's text color */
}
#algolia-fbt .fbt-product-title {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2; /* Limit to 2 lines for WebKit browsers */
line-clamp: 2; /* Standard property */
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; /* 0 top, 7px L/R/B for text area */
line-height: 1.5; /* Adjust for better readability */
height: 3.3em; /* Current height: 3.3em. For 2 lines with 0.75em font & 1.5 line-height, calculated height would be 2.25em. */
color: var(--c-interactive); /* Use theme's interactive color */
}
/* This container will wrap the image and score, taking the original image's layout space. */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-image-container {
position: relative; /* For positioning the score absolutely within */
display: block; /* Matches original image display and ensures proper block layout */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Adopts width from original image styling */
margin: 2px; /* Adopts margin from original image styling */
margin-bottom: 8px; /* Adopts specific bottom margin from original image's inline style */
line-height: 0; /* Prevents unexpected space if child elements are treated as inline */
}
/* The image itself, now filling the container */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-image-container img {
display: block;
width: 100%; /* Fill the container's width */
max-width: 20em; /* Optional: retain original max-width constraint for the image content */
height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio by default */
max-height: 12em; /* Constrain image height (adjust as needed) */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensures image covers the allocated space, cropping if necessary */
margin: 0 auto; /* Center image if max-width kicks in and it's narrower than container */
}
/* The score overlay box */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-score {
position: absolute;
bottom: 3px; /* Padding from the bottom edge of the container */
right: 3px; /* Padding from the right edge of the container */
background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--green) 15%); /* Theme-aware light green */
color: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for text */
padding: 3px 6px; /* Slightly adjusted padding */
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 10px; /* More rounded corners like the example */
border: 1px solid var(--green); /* Theme's green color for border */
line-height: 1; /* Critical for small text in a small box */
z-index: 10; /* Ensure it's above the image */
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); /* Softer shadow */
display: flex; /* To align icon and text nicely */
align-items: center; /* Vertically center icon and text */
}
/* Styling for the SVG icon within the score box */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-score-icon {
width: 0.9em; /* Scale with score's font size */
height: 0.9em;
vertical-align: -0.1em; /* Fine-tune vertical alignment */
margin-right: 4px; /* Space between icon and score number */
fill: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for icon */
}
</style>
<script type="f04d322e08df196f4dcdf33c-text/javascript">
// Function to load a script and return a promise
function loadScript(src) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (document.querySelector(`script[src="${src}"]`)) {
resolve(); // Already loaded
return;
}
const script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = src;
script.onload = () => resolve();
script.onerror = () => reject(new Error(`Script load error for ${src}`));
document.head.appendChild(script);
});
}
function initAlgoliaRecommendations() {
Promise.all([
loadScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/algoliasearch@4/dist/algoliasearch-lite.umd.js'),
loadScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/instantsearch.js@4')
])
.then(() => {
// Initialize the Related Products widget
initRelatedProducts();
// Initialize the Frequently Bought Together widget
initFrequentlyBoughtTogether();
})
.catch(error => {
// Handle error silently
});
}
function initRelatedProducts() {
// Ensure container exists
if (!document.getElementById('algolia-related-products')) {
// Container not found, stopping initialization
return;
}
const recSearchClient = algoliasearch(
'2XJCLEABQD',
'b61ec4cb64bd32d62c053466fccbfa43'
);
const relatedSearch = instantsearch({
indexName: 'eugeneyan.com',
searchClient: recSearchClient,
clickAnalytics: true,
insights: true, // Enable insights for click tracking on recommendations
});
relatedSearch.addWidgets([
instantsearch.widgets.relatedProducts({
container: '#algolia-related-products',
objectIDs: ['/writing/aireadingclub/'],
limit: 3,
queryParameters: {
attributesToRetrieve: ['title', 'url', 'image', 'score', '_score'], // Specify only needed attributes
attributesToHighlight: [], // Disable highlighting
attributesToSnippet: [] // Disable snippeting
},
translations: {
title: '', // Custom title is in _layouts/post.html
},
transformItems: function(items) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const relatedElement = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
// Hide the Related Products container element first if there are no items
if (items.length === 0 && relatedElement) {
relatedElement.style.display = 'none';
} else if (relatedElement) {
relatedElement.style.display = 'block';
}
// Then handle the main recommendations container visibility
if (items.length > 0 && containerElement) {
containerElement.style.display = 'block';
} else if (containerElement && !document.getElementById('algolia-fbt').hasChildNodes()) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
} else {
}
return items;
},
templates: {
header() { // Removed unused results, html parameters
// Return a PLAIN string for the header
return '<h4 class="algolia-recs-section-header">You Might Also Like (content-based)</h4>';
},
item: function(hit, { html, sendEvent }) { // Added sendEvent to params
const itemUrl = `${hit.url || '#'}`;
const indexName = 'eugeneyan.com'; // Get index name for insights
let imageUrl;
// Ensure hit.image is not null, undefined, or an empty/whitespace string before using it.
if (hit.image && typeof hit.image === 'string' && hit.image.trim() !== '') {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/${hit.image}`;
} else {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/default-v4.jpg`; // Default image
}
let scoreValue = null;
if (typeof hit.score === 'number') scoreValue = hit.score.toFixed(2);
else if (typeof hit._score === 'number') scoreValue = hit._score.toFixed(2);
// else if (typeof hit.your_custom_score_field === 'number') scoreValue = hit.your_custom_score_field.toFixed(2);
const scoreElement = scoreValue ? `<div class="recommendation-score"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="recommendation-score-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 6l2.29 2.29-4.88 4.88-4-4L2 16.59 3.41 18l6-6 4 4 6.3-6.29L22 12V6h-6z"></path></svg>${scoreValue}</div>` : '';
const imageAndScoreTag = `
<div class="recommendation-image-container">
<img src="${imageUrl}" alt="${hit.title || 'Recommendation cover image'}">
${scoreElement}
</div>`;
const title = hit.title || 'Untitled Post';
return `
<a href="${itemUrl}"
class="ais-RelatedProducts-item-link-wrapper"
onClick="${() => {
sendEvent('click', hit, 'Related Item Clicked');
}}"
>
${imageAndScoreTag}
<div class="related-product-title">${title}</div>
</a>
`;
},
empty(results, { html }) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const relatedElement = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
// Hide Related Products container since there are no results
if (relatedElement) {
relatedElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Check if the FBT widget also has no items before hiding the main container
const fbtWidgetContainer = document.getElementById('algolia-fbt');
if (containerElement && (!fbtWidgetContainer || !fbtWidgetContainer.hasChildNodes())) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Return an empty string to prevent rendering 'undefined'
return '';
}
}
})
]);
relatedSearch.start();
}
function initFrequentlyBoughtTogether() {
// Ensure container exists
if (!document.getElementById('algolia-fbt')) {
// Container not found, stopping initialization
return;
}
const recSearchClient = algoliasearch(
'2XJCLEABQD',
'b61ec4cb64bd32d62c053466fccbfa43'
);
const fbtSearch = instantsearch({
indexName: 'eugeneyan.com',
searchClient: recSearchClient,
clickAnalytics: true,
insights: true, // Enable insights for click tracking on recommendations
});
fbtSearch.addWidgets([
instantsearch.widgets.frequentlyBoughtTogether({
container: '#algolia-fbt',
objectIDs: ['/writing/aireadingclub/'],
limit: 3,
queryParameters: {
attributesToRetrieve: ['title', 'url', 'image', 'score', '_score'], // Specify only needed attributes
attributesToHighlight: [], // Disable highlighting
attributesToSnippet: [] // Disable snippeting
},
translations: {
title: '', // Custom title is in _layouts/post.html
},
transformItems: function(items) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
if (items.length > 0 && containerElement) {
containerElement.style.display = 'block';
} else if (containerElement && !document.getElementById('algolia-related-products').hasChildNodes()) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
} else {
}
return items;
},
templates: {
header() {
// Return a PLAIN string for the header - only if we have items to display
// The header should not render if there's no content
return '<h4 class="algolia-recs-section-header">Frequently Read Together (behavioral-based)</h4>';
},
item: function(hit, { html, sendEvent }) {
const itemUrl = `${hit.url || '#'}`;
const indexName = 'eugeneyan.com'; // Get index name for insights
let imageUrl;
// Ensure hit.image is not null, undefined, or an empty/whitespace string before using it.
if (hit.image && typeof hit.image === 'string' && hit.image.trim() !== '') {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/${hit.image}`;
} else {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/default-v4.jpg`; // Default image
}
let scoreValue = null;
if (typeof hit.score === 'number') scoreValue = hit.score.toFixed(2);
else if (typeof hit._score === 'number') scoreValue = hit._score.toFixed(2);
// else if (typeof hit.your_custom_score_field === 'number') scoreValue = hit.your_custom_score_field.toFixed(2);
const scoreElement = scoreValue ? `<div class="recommendation-score"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="recommendation-score-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 6l2.29 2.29-4.88 4.88-4-4L2 16.59 3.41 18l6-6 4 4 6.3-6.29L22 12V6h-6z"></path></svg>${scoreValue}</div>` : '';
const imageAndScoreTag = `
<div class="recommendation-image-container">
<img src="${imageUrl}" alt="${hit.title || 'Recommendation cover image'}">
${scoreElement}
</div>`;
const title = hit.title || 'Untitled Post';
return `
<a href="${itemUrl}"
class="ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item-link-wrapper"
onClick="${() => {
sendEvent('click', hit, 'FBT Item Clicked');
}}"
>
${imageAndScoreTag}
<div class="fbt-product-title">${title}</div>
</a>
`;
},
empty(results, { html }) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const fbtElement = document.getElementById('algolia-fbt');
// Hide FBT container since there are no results
if (fbtElement) {
fbtElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Check if the Related Products widget also has no items before hiding the main container
const relatedWidgetContainer = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
if (containerElement && (!relatedWidgetContainer || !relatedWidgetContainer.hasChildNodes())) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Return an empty string to prevent rendering 'undefined'
return '';
}
}
})
]);
fbtSearch.start();
}
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
let recsLoaded = false;
function checkLoad() {
if (recsLoaded) return;
if ((window.scrollY + window.innerHeight) >= document.body.scrollHeight - 500) {
recsLoaded = true;
window.removeEventListener('scroll', checkLoad);
initAlgoliaRecommendations();
}
}
window.addEventListener('scroll', checkLoad, { passive: true });
checkLoad();
});
</script>
</div>
<br>
<!-- <div id="algolia-recs-container" style="display: none;">
<div id="algolia-related-products" style="margin-bottom: 2em;"></div>
<style>
/* Common styles for both recommendation widgets */
.algolia-recs-section-header {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 1em; /* Adjust as needed, smaller than default h3 */
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 0; /* Remove or reduce top margin */
margin-bottom: 15px; /* Space between header and recommendation cards */
color: var(--c-text); /* Use theme's text color */
font-style: italic;
}
/* Related Products Widget Styles */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-list {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row; /* Arrange items horizontally */
flex-wrap: nowrap; /* Prevent wrapping to new lines, if possible */
justify-content: flex-start; /* Align items to the start of the container */
padding-left: 0; /* Remove default list padding */
list-style-type: none; /* Remove list bullets */
margin: 0;
}
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item {
width: 32%; /* Adjust for 3 items: 32% * 3 items + 2% * 2 margins = 100% */
margin-right: 2%;
box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width */
/* Optional: Basic card styling (uncomment to use) */
border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--c-text) 15%); /* Theme-aware light grey border */
padding: 0; /* Remove overall card padding, will be handled by elements */
text-align: left; /* Or 'center' if you prefer */
background-color: var(--c-background);
border-radius: 4px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item:last-child {
margin-right: 0; /* No margin for the last item in the row */
}
/* Styling for images within recommendation items */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item img {
display: block; /* Can help remove extra space below image */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Full width minus 2px L/R margins */
max-width: 100%; /* Ensures image does not exceed container if intrinsically smaller */
/* height: auto; -- Controlled by inline style's max-height and object-fit */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensure image covers the area, also in inline style */
margin: 2px; /* 2px margin on top, left, right. Bottom is overridden by inline style. */
/* margin-bottom: 8px; -- This is set by inline style in JS template */
}
/* Styling for the wrapper link to make the whole card clickable */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item a.ais-RelatedProducts-item-link-wrapper {
display: block; /* Make the link fill the list item */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
color: inherit; /* Use parent's text color */
}
#algolia-related-products .related-product-title {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2; /* Limit to 2 lines for WebKit browsers */
line-clamp: 2; /* Standard property */
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; /* 0 top, 7px L/R/B for text area */
line-height: 1.5; /* Adjust for better readability */
height: 3.3em; /* Current height: 3.3em. For 2 lines with 0.75em font & 1.5 line-height, calculated height would be 2.25em. */
color: var(--c-interactive); /* Use theme's interactive color */
}
/* This container will wrap the image and score, taking the original image's layout space. */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-image-container {
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margin: 2px; /* Adopts margin from original image styling */
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font-size: 0.75em;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 10px; /* More rounded corners like the example */
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z-index: 10; /* Ensure it's above the image */
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); /* Softer shadow */
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margin-right: 4px; /* Space between icon and score number */
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});
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instantsearch.widgets.relatedProducts({
container: '#algolia-related-products',
objectIDs: ['/writing/aireadingclub/'],
limit: 3,
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attributesToSnippet: [] // Disable snippeting
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return '<h4 class="algolia-recs-section-header">You Might Also Like</h4>';
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const indexName = 'eugeneyan.com'; // Get index name for insights
let imageUrl;
// Ensure hit.image is not null, undefined, or an empty/whitespace string before using it.
if (hit.image && typeof hit.image === 'string' && hit.image.trim() !== '') {
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const scoreElement = scoreValue ? `<div class="recommendation-score"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="recommendation-score-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 6l2.29 2.29-4.88 4.88-4-4L2 16.59 3.41 18l6-6 4 4 6.3-6.29L22 12V6h-6z"></path></svg>${scoreValue}</div>` : '';
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]);
relatedSearch.start();
}
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let recsLoaded = false;
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window.removeEventListener('scroll', checkLoad);
initAlgoliaRecommendations();
}
}
window.addEventListener('scroll', checkLoad, { passive: true });
checkLoad();
});
</script>
</div> -->
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<p>I'm a Member of Technical Staff at Anthropic. I work to bridge the field and the frontier, and help build safe, reliable AI systems that scale. I've led ML/AI teams at Amazon, Alibaba, Lazada, and a Healthtech Series A, and write about LLMs, RecSys, and engineering at <a href="https://eugeneyan.com/" target="_blank">eugeneyan.com</a>.</p>
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