Eugene Yan · Tech & AI
TIER 4 2020-04-05
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<h1 class="title">Stop Taking Regular Notes; Use a Zettelkasten Instead</h1>
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<info datetime="2020-04-05 00:00:00 +0000">
<span class="no-italics">[
<a class='tag' href="/tag/writing/">writing</a>
<a class='tag' href="/tag/learning/">learning</a>
<a class='tag' href="/tag/productivity/">productivity</a>
<a class='tag' href="/tag/🔥/">🔥</a>
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</span> · 6 min read
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<p>In the <a href="/writing/reading-note-taking-writing/" target="_blank">previous post</a>, I shared about reading -> note-taking -> writing. Note-taking is a key step that converts what you read and learn into writing. This post expands on note-taking.</p>
<h2 id="whats-wrong-with-regular-note-taking">What’s wrong with regular note-taking?</h2>
<p>From personal experience, <strong>regular note-taking doesn’t work</strong>.</p>
<p>Okay, that’s a sweeping statement. To <em>some</em> extent, it does. Scribbling on the margins is helpful for quickly recording insights and ideas that come while reading. Making summaries of books, articles, and papers help distil the gist and review the knowledge in future. Highlighting is… nope, highlighting doesn’t work—it’s just too passive.</p>
<p>Why do I say regular note-taking doesn’t work then?</p>
<p>Because the notes stay as <strong>separate</strong> notes. Ideas and knowledge remains scattered as individual pieces. In regular note-taking, connections between ideas are <strong>not made by default</strong>. When reviewing a note, other relevant notes (i.e., ideas) don’t present themselves. If your notes are digital, you might do a free-text search. If not, you might flip through your notebooks, or worse, not bother.</p>
<p><img style="width: 400px" src="/assets/information-knowledge.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Image" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Information vs. Knowledge (by <a href="https://twitter.com/GapingvoidArt" target="blank">@gapingvoid</a>)</p>
<p>I didn’t realise this was an issue until I stumbled upon the Zettelkasten, which <em>emphasizes</em> building connections between notes.</p>
<h2 id="what-is-a-zettelkasten">What is a Zettelkasten?</h2>
<p>Zettelkasten is German for “slip-box”. It originates from German sociologist Niklas Luhmann.</p>
<p>One thing you should know about Luhmann—he was <em>extremely</em> productive. In his 40 years of research, he published more than 70 books and 500 scholarly articles.</p>
<p>How did he do accomplish this? He credits it to his Zettelkasten which focuses on <strong>connections between notes</strong>. He realised early that a note is <strong>only useful in its context</strong>, specifically, the other notes it is related to.</p>
<p>Here’s how a Zettelkasten works:</p>
<ul>
<li>Write each idea you come across on a card.</li>
<li>Link idea cards to other relevant idea cards (idea -> idea link).</li>
<li>Sort cards into broader topic boxes (idea -> topic link).</li>
</ul>
<p>This is oversimplifying it, but I hope you get the gist. The key is to make connections between ideas during note-taking, <em>way before</em> you need to review them for your work. This forces you to actively connect the dots (during note-taking) and lets you find relevant ideas with ease in future.</p>
<p>Luhmann built a massive Zettelkasten of 90,000 notes with handwritten index cards and a wooden cabinet. Thankfully, we have digital alternatives that make it easier to navigate (and read otherwise illegible handwriting).</p>
<p><img src="/assets/luhmanns-notes.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Image" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Niklas Luhmann's index cards</p>
<p>(There are many good articles on Luhmann, his Zettelkasten, and how he used it; I’ve listed some for further reading at the end of this post.)</p>
<h2 id="how-to-implement-your-digital-zettelkasten">How to implement your digital Zettelkasten</h2>
<p>Some free, digital Zettelkastens include <a href="https://zettelkasten.de" target="_blank">zettelkasten.de</a>, <a href="https://www.zettlr.com" target="_blank">zettlr</a>, and <a href="https://roamresearch.com" target="_blank">roamresearch</a>. I use Roam. It has a minimal set of features required for my workflow and is actively being developed and improved on by <a href="https://twitter.com/Conaw" target="_blank">Conor White-Sullivan</a>.</p>
<p>Here’s my note-taking approach based on the Zettelkasten and Roam. I made tweaks to keep the process lightweight and thus easier to maintain as a habit.</p>
<h3 id="literature-note">Literature note</h3>
<p>Every (useful) book, article, or paper I read is added as a literature note. Each literature note has the following metadata: (i) tag for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#literature note</code>, (ii) source (e.g., book title, URL), and (iii) author.</p>
<p>Then, I summarise the content as how I usually would, condensing each key idea as a simple sentence, in my own words. (This sentence will be converted to a permanent note later.) Then, I elaborate on this key idea with a few bullet points. Here’s how a sample literature note looks like.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/literature-note.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Image" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Metadata in the first two bullet points with content right after</p>
<h3 id="permanent-note">Permanent note</h3>
<p><em>Some</em> key ideas in a literature note are converted into a permanent note (hey, not all ideas are useful, right?) How do I choose what to make a permanent note? There are two general criteria:</p>
<ul>
<li>Is this an idea I would explore further and apply in my work/writing? Or;</li>
<li>Is this an idea I can connect to other relevant ideas in my Zettelkasten?</li>
</ul>
<p>Making a permanent note is easy in Roam—just wrap the sentence in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[[ ]]</code> brackets. Permanent notes have slightly more metadata:</p>
<ul>
<li>Tag for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#permanent note</code>.</li>
<li>Topic tags such as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#machine learning</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#recsys</code>.</li>
<li>Source, which is just a link to the literature note.</li>
<li>Relevant permanent notes and a short explanation of how it is relevant.</li>
<li>Summary of the idea in prose.</li>
</ul>
<p>Here’s how a permanent note looks like. It is based on the previous literature note.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/permanent-note.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Image" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">Connections made via relevant notes and <code>#topic</code> tags</p>
<p>Writing a permanent note takes effort. More effort than say… highlighting. You need to make connections with other notes and explain how they are related. You need to summarise the idea and knowledge in <em>your own words</em>, ensuring you <em>really understood</em>.</p>
<p>But putting in the effort upfront, during note-taking, makes it significantly easier to review and use your notes to synthesize content when writing.</p>
<h3 id="topics">Topics</h3>
<p>If you diligently added <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#topic</code> tags, this is already done. Topic tags make navigating permanent notes easy in Roam. Clicking on <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#permanent note</code> presents all permanent notes. You can then filter with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#topic</code> tags.</p>
<p>Here’s an example of my <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#permanent notes</code> and some tags it has.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/filtering-on-tags.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Image" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">It's easy to see what you've been focusing on</p>
<p>After a few weeks, here’s how the graph of my Zettelkasten notes looks like. The biggest blue dot close to the bottom centre is the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#permanent note</code> node. I find watching how this knowledge graph grows satisfying. You can track how your knowledge, and the connections between them, grows.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/note-graph.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Image" /></p>
<p class="image-caption">This is <b>not</b> an artificial neural network</p>
<p>Further reading on how to use Roam for note-taking is included at the end of this post. Shu Omi’s short, hands-on video is highly recommended.</p>
<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
<p>Though it’s still early days, adopting a Zettelkasten has been one of my most productive habits. Writing the <a href="/writing/reading-note-taking-writing/" target="_blank">previous post</a> was easier by consulting my notes on topics for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#reading</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#note-taking</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#writing</code>, and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">#learning</code>. Finding related notes was also much simpler.</p>
<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.amazon.com/How-Take-Smart-Notes-Nonfiction-ebook/dp/B06WVYW33Y" target="_blank">How to take smart notes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://fortelabs.co/blog/how-to-take-smart-notes" target="_blank">Summary of “How to Take Smart Notes”</a></li>
<li><a href="https://writingcooperative.com/zettelkasten-how-one-german-scholar-was-so-freakishly-productive-997e4e0ca125" target="_blank">More on Luhmann and his Zettelkasten</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljyo_WAJevQ&t=4s" target="_blank">Shu Omi’s Zettelkasten in Roam (video)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.nateliason.com/blog/smart-notes" target="_blank">Nat Eliason has a similar approach, if you prefer writing to video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nesslabs.com/roam-research" target="_blank">Anne Laure has a slightly different approach that you may find interesting</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278131440_Niklas_Luhmann_as_organization_theorist" target="_blank">Luhmann’s work</a></li>
</ul>
<p>If you found this post useful, share this tweet with your friends. Help them write more useful notes. =)</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Regular note-taking didn't work for me.<br /><br />Notes stay separate—connections are not made. <br /><br />I fixed this by building a Zettelkasten using <a href="https://twitter.com/RoamResearch?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@RoamResearch</a>.<br /><br />(Zettelkasten originates from highly prolific sociologist Niklas Luhmann. He wrote 70 books & 500 scholarly articles.)<br /><br />Thread 👇 <a href="https://t.co/exVfl5EYXT">pic.twitter.com/exVfl5EYXT</a></p>— Eugene Yan (@eugeneyan) <a href="https://twitter.com/eugeneyan/status/1259540160468770817?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 10, 2020</a></blockquote>
<script async="" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8" type="02dec2426f27140c1f738be6-text/javascript"></script>
<blockquote>
<p>Update: Wow this really blew up on <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23386630" target="_blank">Hacker News</a> (>600 points).</p>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p>If you found this useful, please cite this write-up as:</p>
<blockquote class="blockquote-citation">
<p>Yan, Ziyou. (Apr 2020). Stop Taking Regular Notes; Use a Zettelkasten Instead. eugeneyan.com.
https://eugeneyan.com/writing/note-taking-zettelkasten/.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>or</p>
<div class="citation"><pre><code>@article{yan2020zettelkasten,
title = {Stop Taking Regular Notes; Use a Zettelkasten Instead},
author = {Yan, Ziyou},
journal = {eugeneyan.com},
year = {2020},
month = {Apr},
url = {https://eugeneyan.com/writing/note-taking-zettelkasten/}
}</code></pre>
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box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width */
/* Optional: Basic card styling (uncomment to use) */
border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--c-text) 15%); /* Theme-aware light grey border */
padding: 0; /* Remove overall card padding, will be handled by elements */
text-align: left; /* Or 'center' if you prefer */
background-color: var(--c-background);
border-radius: 4px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item:last-child {
margin-right: 0; /* No margin for the last item in the row */
}
/* Styling for images within recommendation items */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item img {
display: block; /* Can help remove extra space below image */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Full width minus 2px L/R margins */
max-width: 100%; /* Ensures image does not exceed container if intrinsically smaller */
/* height: auto; -- Controlled by inline style's max-height and object-fit */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensure image covers the area, also in inline style */
margin: 2px; /* 2px margin on top, left, right. Bottom is overridden by inline style. */
/* margin-bottom: 8px; -- This is set by inline style in JS template */
}
/* Styling for the wrapper link to make the whole card clickable */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item a.ais-RelatedProducts-item-link-wrapper {
display: block; /* Make the link fill the list item */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
color: inherit; /* Use parent's text color */
}
#algolia-related-products .related-product-title {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2; /* Limit to 2 lines for WebKit browsers */
line-clamp: 2; /* Standard property */
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; /* 0 top, 7px L/R/B for text area */
line-height: 1.5; /* Adjust for better readability */
height: 3.3em; /* Current height: 3.3em. For 2 lines with 0.75em font & 1.5 line-height, calculated height would be 2.25em. */
color: var(--c-interactive); /* Use theme's interactive color */
}
/* This container will wrap the image and score, taking the original image's layout space. */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-image-container {
position: relative; /* For positioning the score absolutely within */
display: block; /* Matches original image display and ensures proper block layout */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Adopts width from original image styling */
margin: 2px; /* Adopts margin from original image styling */
margin-bottom: 8px; /* Adopts specific bottom margin from original image's inline style */
line-height: 0; /* Prevents unexpected space if child elements are treated as inline */
}
/* The image itself, now filling the container */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-image-container img {
display: block;
width: 100%; /* Fill the container's width */
max-width: 20em; /* Optional: retain original max-width constraint for the image content */
height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio by default */
max-height: 12em; /* Constrain image height (adjust as needed) */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensures image covers the allocated space, cropping if necessary */
margin: 0 auto; /* Center image if max-width kicks in and it's narrower than container */
}
/* The score overlay box */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-score {
position: absolute;
bottom: 3px; /* Padding from the bottom edge of the container */
right: 3px; /* Padding from the right edge of the container */
background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--green) 15%); /* Theme-aware light green */
color: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for text */
padding: 3px 6px; /* Slightly adjusted padding */
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 10px; /* More rounded corners like the example */
border: 1px solid var(--green); /* Theme's green color for border */
line-height: 1; /* Critical for small text in a small box */
z-index: 10; /* Ensure it's above the image */
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); /* Softer shadow */
display: flex; /* To align icon and text nicely */
align-items: center; /* Vertically center icon and text */
}
/* Styling for the SVG icon within the score box */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-score-icon {
width: 0.9em; /* Scale with score's font size */
height: 0.9em;
vertical-align: -0.1em; /* Fine-tune vertical alignment */
margin-right: 4px; /* Space between icon and score number */
fill: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for icon */
}
/* Frequently Bought Together Widget Styles */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-list {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row; /* Arrange items horizontally */
flex-wrap: nowrap; /* Prevent wrapping to new lines, if possible */
justify-content: flex-start; /* Align items to the start of the container */
padding-left: 0; /* Remove default list padding */
list-style-type: none; /* Remove list bullets */
margin: 0;
}
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item {
width: 32%; /* Adjust for 3 items: 32% * 3 items + 2% * 2 margins = 100% */
margin-right: 2%;
box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width */
/* Optional: Basic card styling (uncomment to use) */
border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--c-text) 15%); /* Theme-aware light grey border */
padding: 0; /* Remove overall card padding, will be handled by elements */
text-align: left; /* Or 'center' if you prefer */
background-color: var(--c-background);
border-radius: 4px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item:last-child {
margin-right: 0; /* No margin for the last item in the row */
}
/* Styling for images within recommendation items */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item img {
display: block; /* Can help remove extra space below image */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Full width minus 2px L/R margins */
max-width: 100%; /* Ensures image does not exceed container if intrinsically smaller */
/* height: auto; -- Controlled by inline style's max-height and object-fit */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensure image covers the area, also in inline style */
margin: 2px; /* 2px margin on top, left, right. Bottom is overridden by inline style. */
/* margin-bottom: 8px; -- This is set by inline style in JS template */
}
/* Styling for the wrapper link to make the whole card clickable */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item a.ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item-link-wrapper {
display: block; /* Make the link fill the list item */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
color: inherit; /* Use parent's text color */
}
#algolia-fbt .fbt-product-title {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2; /* Limit to 2 lines for WebKit browsers */
line-clamp: 2; /* Standard property */
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; /* 0 top, 7px L/R/B for text area */
line-height: 1.5; /* Adjust for better readability */
height: 3.3em; /* Current height: 3.3em. For 2 lines with 0.75em font & 1.5 line-height, calculated height would be 2.25em. */
color: var(--c-interactive); /* Use theme's interactive color */
}
/* This container will wrap the image and score, taking the original image's layout space. */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-image-container {
position: relative; /* For positioning the score absolutely within */
display: block; /* Matches original image display and ensures proper block layout */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Adopts width from original image styling */
margin: 2px; /* Adopts margin from original image styling */
margin-bottom: 8px; /* Adopts specific bottom margin from original image's inline style */
line-height: 0; /* Prevents unexpected space if child elements are treated as inline */
}
/* The image itself, now filling the container */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-image-container img {
display: block;
width: 100%; /* Fill the container's width */
max-width: 20em; /* Optional: retain original max-width constraint for the image content */
height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio by default */
max-height: 12em; /* Constrain image height (adjust as needed) */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensures image covers the allocated space, cropping if necessary */
margin: 0 auto; /* Center image if max-width kicks in and it's narrower than container */
}
/* The score overlay box */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-score {
position: absolute;
bottom: 3px; /* Padding from the bottom edge of the container */
right: 3px; /* Padding from the right edge of the container */
background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--green) 15%); /* Theme-aware light green */
color: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for text */
padding: 3px 6px; /* Slightly adjusted padding */
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 10px; /* More rounded corners like the example */
border: 1px solid var(--green); /* Theme's green color for border */
line-height: 1; /* Critical for small text in a small box */
z-index: 10; /* Ensure it's above the image */
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); /* Softer shadow */
display: flex; /* To align icon and text nicely */
align-items: center; /* Vertically center icon and text */
}
/* Styling for the SVG icon within the score box */
#algolia-fbt .ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item .recommendation-score-icon {
width: 0.9em; /* Scale with score's font size */
height: 0.9em;
vertical-align: -0.1em; /* Fine-tune vertical alignment */
margin-right: 4px; /* Space between icon and score number */
fill: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for icon */
}
</style>
<script type="02dec2426f27140c1f738be6-text/javascript">
// Function to load a script and return a promise
function loadScript(src) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (document.querySelector(`script[src="${src}"]`)) {
resolve(); // Already loaded
return;
}
const script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = src;
script.onload = () => resolve();
script.onerror = () => reject(new Error(`Script load error for ${src}`));
document.head.appendChild(script);
});
}
function initAlgoliaRecommendations() {
Promise.all([
loadScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/algoliasearch@4/dist/algoliasearch-lite.umd.js'),
loadScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/instantsearch.js@4')
])
.then(() => {
// Initialize the Related Products widget
initRelatedProducts();
// Initialize the Frequently Bought Together widget
initFrequentlyBoughtTogether();
})
.catch(error => {
// Handle error silently
});
}
function initRelatedProducts() {
// Ensure container exists
if (!document.getElementById('algolia-related-products')) {
// Container not found, stopping initialization
return;
}
const recSearchClient = algoliasearch(
'2XJCLEABQD',
'b61ec4cb64bd32d62c053466fccbfa43'
);
const relatedSearch = instantsearch({
indexName: 'eugeneyan.com',
searchClient: recSearchClient,
clickAnalytics: true,
insights: true, // Enable insights for click tracking on recommendations
});
relatedSearch.addWidgets([
instantsearch.widgets.relatedProducts({
container: '#algolia-related-products',
objectIDs: ['/writing/note-taking-zettelkasten/'],
limit: 3,
queryParameters: {
attributesToRetrieve: ['title', 'url', 'image', 'score', '_score'], // Specify only needed attributes
attributesToHighlight: [], // Disable highlighting
attributesToSnippet: [] // Disable snippeting
},
translations: {
title: '', // Custom title is in _layouts/post.html
},
transformItems: function(items) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const relatedElement = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
// Hide the Related Products container element first if there are no items
if (items.length === 0 && relatedElement) {
relatedElement.style.display = 'none';
} else if (relatedElement) {
relatedElement.style.display = 'block';
}
// Then handle the main recommendations container visibility
if (items.length > 0 && containerElement) {
containerElement.style.display = 'block';
} else if (containerElement && !document.getElementById('algolia-fbt').hasChildNodes()) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
} else {
}
return items;
},
templates: {
header() { // Removed unused results, html parameters
// Return a PLAIN string for the header
return '<h4 class="algolia-recs-section-header">You Might Also Like (content-based)</h4>';
},
item: function(hit, { html, sendEvent }) { // Added sendEvent to params
const itemUrl = `${hit.url || '#'}`;
const indexName = 'eugeneyan.com'; // Get index name for insights
let imageUrl;
// Ensure hit.image is not null, undefined, or an empty/whitespace string before using it.
if (hit.image && typeof hit.image === 'string' && hit.image.trim() !== '') {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/${hit.image}`;
} else {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/default-v4.jpg`; // Default image
}
let scoreValue = null;
if (typeof hit.score === 'number') scoreValue = hit.score.toFixed(2);
else if (typeof hit._score === 'number') scoreValue = hit._score.toFixed(2);
// else if (typeof hit.your_custom_score_field === 'number') scoreValue = hit.your_custom_score_field.toFixed(2);
const scoreElement = scoreValue ? `<div class="recommendation-score"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="recommendation-score-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 6l2.29 2.29-4.88 4.88-4-4L2 16.59 3.41 18l6-6 4 4 6.3-6.29L22 12V6h-6z"></path></svg>${scoreValue}</div>` : '';
const imageAndScoreTag = `
<div class="recommendation-image-container">
<img src="${imageUrl}" alt="${hit.title || 'Recommendation cover image'}">
${scoreElement}
</div>`;
const title = hit.title || 'Untitled Post';
return `
<a href="${itemUrl}"
class="ais-RelatedProducts-item-link-wrapper"
onClick="${() => {
sendEvent('click', hit, 'Related Item Clicked');
}}"
>
${imageAndScoreTag}
<div class="related-product-title">${title}</div>
</a>
`;
},
empty(results, { html }) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const relatedElement = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
// Hide Related Products container since there are no results
if (relatedElement) {
relatedElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Check if the FBT widget also has no items before hiding the main container
const fbtWidgetContainer = document.getElementById('algolia-fbt');
if (containerElement && (!fbtWidgetContainer || !fbtWidgetContainer.hasChildNodes())) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Return an empty string to prevent rendering 'undefined'
return '';
}
}
})
]);
relatedSearch.start();
}
function initFrequentlyBoughtTogether() {
// Ensure container exists
if (!document.getElementById('algolia-fbt')) {
// Container not found, stopping initialization
return;
}
const recSearchClient = algoliasearch(
'2XJCLEABQD',
'b61ec4cb64bd32d62c053466fccbfa43'
);
const fbtSearch = instantsearch({
indexName: 'eugeneyan.com',
searchClient: recSearchClient,
clickAnalytics: true,
insights: true, // Enable insights for click tracking on recommendations
});
fbtSearch.addWidgets([
instantsearch.widgets.frequentlyBoughtTogether({
container: '#algolia-fbt',
objectIDs: ['/writing/note-taking-zettelkasten/'],
limit: 3,
queryParameters: {
attributesToRetrieve: ['title', 'url', 'image', 'score', '_score'], // Specify only needed attributes
attributesToHighlight: [], // Disable highlighting
attributesToSnippet: [] // Disable snippeting
},
translations: {
title: '', // Custom title is in _layouts/post.html
},
transformItems: function(items) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
if (items.length > 0 && containerElement) {
containerElement.style.display = 'block';
} else if (containerElement && !document.getElementById('algolia-related-products').hasChildNodes()) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
} else {
}
return items;
},
templates: {
header() {
// Return a PLAIN string for the header - only if we have items to display
// The header should not render if there's no content
return '<h4 class="algolia-recs-section-header">Frequently Read Together (behavioral-based)</h4>';
},
item: function(hit, { html, sendEvent }) {
const itemUrl = `${hit.url || '#'}`;
const indexName = 'eugeneyan.com'; // Get index name for insights
let imageUrl;
// Ensure hit.image is not null, undefined, or an empty/whitespace string before using it.
if (hit.image && typeof hit.image === 'string' && hit.image.trim() !== '') {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/${hit.image}`;
} else {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/default-v4.jpg`; // Default image
}
let scoreValue = null;
if (typeof hit.score === 'number') scoreValue = hit.score.toFixed(2);
else if (typeof hit._score === 'number') scoreValue = hit._score.toFixed(2);
// else if (typeof hit.your_custom_score_field === 'number') scoreValue = hit.your_custom_score_field.toFixed(2);
const scoreElement = scoreValue ? `<div class="recommendation-score"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="recommendation-score-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 6l2.29 2.29-4.88 4.88-4-4L2 16.59 3.41 18l6-6 4 4 6.3-6.29L22 12V6h-6z"></path></svg>${scoreValue}</div>` : '';
const imageAndScoreTag = `
<div class="recommendation-image-container">
<img src="${imageUrl}" alt="${hit.title || 'Recommendation cover image'}">
${scoreElement}
</div>`;
const title = hit.title || 'Untitled Post';
return `
<a href="${itemUrl}"
class="ais-FrequentlyBoughtTogether-item-link-wrapper"
onClick="${() => {
sendEvent('click', hit, 'FBT Item Clicked');
}}"
>
${imageAndScoreTag}
<div class="fbt-product-title">${title}</div>
</a>
`;
},
empty(results, { html }) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const fbtElement = document.getElementById('algolia-fbt');
// Hide FBT container since there are no results
if (fbtElement) {
fbtElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Check if the Related Products widget also has no items before hiding the main container
const relatedWidgetContainer = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
if (containerElement && (!relatedWidgetContainer || !relatedWidgetContainer.hasChildNodes())) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Return an empty string to prevent rendering 'undefined'
return '';
}
}
})
]);
fbtSearch.start();
}
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
let recsLoaded = false;
function checkLoad() {
if (recsLoaded) return;
if ((window.scrollY + window.innerHeight) >= document.body.scrollHeight - 500) {
recsLoaded = true;
window.removeEventListener('scroll', checkLoad);
initAlgoliaRecommendations();
}
}
window.addEventListener('scroll', checkLoad, { passive: true });
checkLoad();
});
</script>
</div>
<br>
<!-- <div id="algolia-recs-container" style="display: none;">
<div id="algolia-related-products" style="margin-bottom: 2em;"></div>
<style>
/* Common styles for both recommendation widgets */
.algolia-recs-section-header {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 1em; /* Adjust as needed, smaller than default h3 */
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 0; /* Remove or reduce top margin */
margin-bottom: 15px; /* Space between header and recommendation cards */
color: var(--c-text); /* Use theme's text color */
font-style: italic;
}
/* Related Products Widget Styles */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-list {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row; /* Arrange items horizontally */
flex-wrap: nowrap; /* Prevent wrapping to new lines, if possible */
justify-content: flex-start; /* Align items to the start of the container */
padding-left: 0; /* Remove default list padding */
list-style-type: none; /* Remove list bullets */
margin: 0;
}
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item {
width: 32%; /* Adjust for 3 items: 32% * 3 items + 2% * 2 margins = 100% */
margin-right: 2%;
box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width */
/* Optional: Basic card styling (uncomment to use) */
border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--c-text) 15%); /* Theme-aware light grey border */
padding: 0; /* Remove overall card padding, will be handled by elements */
text-align: left; /* Or 'center' if you prefer */
background-color: var(--c-background);
border-radius: 4px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item:last-child {
margin-right: 0; /* No margin for the last item in the row */
}
/* Styling for images within recommendation items */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item img {
display: block; /* Can help remove extra space below image */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Full width minus 2px L/R margins */
max-width: 100%; /* Ensures image does not exceed container if intrinsically smaller */
/* height: auto; -- Controlled by inline style's max-height and object-fit */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensure image covers the area, also in inline style */
margin: 2px; /* 2px margin on top, left, right. Bottom is overridden by inline style. */
/* margin-bottom: 8px; -- This is set by inline style in JS template */
}
/* Styling for the wrapper link to make the whole card clickable */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item a.ais-RelatedProducts-item-link-wrapper {
display: block; /* Make the link fill the list item */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
color: inherit; /* Use parent's text color */
}
#algolia-related-products .related-product-title {
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2; /* Limit to 2 lines for WebKit browsers */
line-clamp: 2; /* Standard property */
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; /* 0 top, 7px L/R/B for text area */
line-height: 1.5; /* Adjust for better readability */
height: 3.3em; /* Current height: 3.3em. For 2 lines with 0.75em font & 1.5 line-height, calculated height would be 2.25em. */
color: var(--c-interactive); /* Use theme's interactive color */
}
/* This container will wrap the image and score, taking the original image's layout space. */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-image-container {
position: relative; /* For positioning the score absolutely within */
display: block; /* Matches original image display and ensures proper block layout */
width: calc(100% - 4px); /* Adopts width from original image styling */
margin: 2px; /* Adopts margin from original image styling */
margin-bottom: 8px; /* Adopts specific bottom margin from original image's inline style */
line-height: 0; /* Prevents unexpected space if child elements are treated as inline */
}
/* The image itself, now filling the container */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-image-container img {
display: block;
width: 100%; /* Fill the container's width */
max-width: 20em; /* Optional: retain original max-width constraint for the image content */
height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio by default */
max-height: 12em; /* Constrain image height (adjust as needed) */
object-fit: cover; /* Ensures image covers the allocated space, cropping if necessary */
margin: 0 auto; /* Center image if max-width kicks in and it's narrower than container */
}
/* The score overlay box */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-score {
position: absolute;
bottom: 3px; /* Padding from the bottom edge of the container */
right: 3px; /* Padding from the right edge of the container */
background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c-background) 85%, var(--green) 15%); /* Theme-aware light green */
color: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for text */
padding: 3px 6px; /* Slightly adjusted padding */
font-family: 'Raleway', Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.75em;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 10px; /* More rounded corners like the example */
border: 1px solid var(--green); /* Theme's green color for border */
line-height: 1; /* Critical for small text in a small box */
z-index: 10; /* Ensure it's above the image */
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); /* Softer shadow */
display: flex; /* To align icon and text nicely */
align-items: center; /* Vertically center icon and text */
}
/* Styling for the SVG icon within the score box */
#algolia-related-products .ais-RelatedProducts-item .recommendation-score-icon {
width: 0.9em; /* Scale with score's font size */
height: 0.9em;
vertical-align: -0.1em; /* Fine-tune vertical alignment */
margin-right: 4px; /* Space between icon and score number */
fill: var(--green); /* Theme's green color for icon */
}
</style>
<script>
// Function to load a script and return a promise
function loadScript(src) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (document.querySelector(`script[src="${src}"]`)) {
resolve(); // Already loaded
return;
}
const script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = src;
script.onload = () => resolve();
script.onerror = () => reject(new Error(`Script load error for ${src}`));
document.head.appendChild(script);
});
}
function initAlgoliaRecommendations() {
Promise.all([
loadScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/algoliasearch@4/dist/algoliasearch-lite.umd.js'),
loadScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/instantsearch.js@4')
])
.then(() => {
// Initialize the Related Products widget
initRelatedProducts();
})
.catch(error => {
// Handle error silently
});
}
function initRelatedProducts() {
// Ensure container exists
if (!document.getElementById('algolia-related-products')) {
// Container not found, stopping initialization
return;
}
const recSearchClient = algoliasearch(
'2XJCLEABQD',
'b61ec4cb64bd32d62c053466fccbfa43'
);
const relatedSearch = instantsearch({
indexName: 'eugeneyan.com',
searchClient: recSearchClient,
clickAnalytics: true,
insights: true, // Enable insights for click tracking on recommendations
});
relatedSearch.addWidgets([
instantsearch.widgets.relatedProducts({
container: '#algolia-related-products',
objectIDs: ['/writing/note-taking-zettelkasten/'],
limit: 3,
queryParameters: {
attributesToRetrieve: ['title', 'url', 'image', 'score', '_score'], // Specify only needed attributes
attributesToHighlight: [], // Disable highlighting
attributesToSnippet: [] // Disable snippeting
},
translations: {
title: '', // Custom title is in _layouts/post.html
},
transformItems: function(items) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const relatedElement = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
if (items.length === 0) {
if (relatedElement) relatedElement.style.display = 'none';
if (containerElement) containerElement.style.display = 'none';
} else {
if (relatedElement) relatedElement.style.display = 'block';
if (containerElement) containerElement.style.display = 'block';
}
return items;
},
templates: {
header() { // Removed unused results, html parameters
// Return a PLAIN string for the header
return '<h4 class="algolia-recs-section-header">You Might Also Like</h4>';
},
item: function(hit, { html, sendEvent }) { // Added sendEvent to params
const itemUrl = `${hit.url || '#'}`;
const indexName = 'eugeneyan.com'; // Get index name for insights
let imageUrl;
// Ensure hit.image is not null, undefined, or an empty/whitespace string before using it.
if (hit.image && typeof hit.image === 'string' && hit.image.trim() !== '') {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/${hit.image}`;
} else {
imageUrl = `/assets/og_image/default-v4.jpg`; // Default image
}
let scoreValue = null;
if (typeof hit.score === 'number') scoreValue = hit.score.toFixed(2);
else if (typeof hit._score === 'number') scoreValue = hit._score.toFixed(2);
// else if (typeof hit.your_custom_score_field === 'number') scoreValue = hit.your_custom_score_field.toFixed(2);
const scoreElement = scoreValue ? `<div class="recommendation-score"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="recommendation-score-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 6l2.29 2.29-4.88 4.88-4-4L2 16.59 3.41 18l6-6 4 4 6.3-6.29L22 12V6h-6z"></path></svg>${scoreValue}</div>` : '';
const imageAndScoreTag = `
<div class="recommendation-image-container">
<img src="${imageUrl}" alt="${hit.title || 'Recommendation cover image'}">
${scoreElement}
</div>`;
const title = hit.title || 'Untitled Post';
return `
<a href="${itemUrl}"
class="ais-RelatedProducts-item-link-wrapper"
onClick="${() => {
sendEvent('click', hit, 'Related Item Clicked');
}}"
>
${imageAndScoreTag}
<div class="related-product-title">${title}</div>
</a>
`;
},
empty(results, { html }) {
const containerElement = document.getElementById('algolia-recs-container');
const relatedElement = document.getElementById('algolia-related-products');
if (relatedElement) {
relatedElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// If this 'empty' template is called, it means related products are empty.
// So, the main container should also be hidden.
if (containerElement) {
containerElement.style.display = 'none';
}
// Return an empty string to prevent rendering 'undefined'
return '';
}
}
})
]);
relatedSearch.start();
}
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
let recsLoaded = false;
function checkLoad() {
if (recsLoaded) return;
if ((window.scrollY + window.innerHeight) >= document.body.scrollHeight - 500) {
recsLoaded = true;
window.removeEventListener('scroll', checkLoad);
initAlgoliaRecommendations();
}
}
window.addEventListener('scroll', checkLoad, { passive: true });
checkLoad();
});
</script>
</div> -->
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<p>I'm a Member of Technical Staff at Anthropic. I work to bridge the field and the frontier, and help build safe, reliable AI systems that scale. I've led ML/AI teams at Amazon, Alibaba, Lazada, and a Healthtech Series A, and write about LLMs, RecSys, and engineering at <a href="https://eugeneyan.com/" target="_blank">eugeneyan.com</a>.</p>
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